Jokulsarlon lagoon. The Breidamerkurjokull glacier has been retreating since about 1920. The lagoon formed at the glacial front shows a yearly increase.| J-STAGE
Dettifoss waterfall. The waterfall is 44 m high. The river water is rich in suspended sediments and the waterfall volume is the greatest in Iceland.| J-STAGE
Earth hummock. Earth hummocks are among the periglacial phenomena. The knoll covered with vegetation is |about 0.5 m high.| J-STAGE
Lakagigar fissure eruption. The 1783-84 Laka- gigar eruption resulted in a great famine, due to which Iceland lost 20% of its population.| J-STAGE
Gullfoss waterfall. The two-step cataract has a total drop of 32 m.| J-STAGE
The braided course of the Jokulfell downstream from Hofsjokull.| J-STAGE
Geyser Strokkur. The geyser erupts at 5-10 minute intervals.| J-STAGE
Valley of Eldgja. The 934-40 Eldgja eruption occurred along a 75 km-long fissure.| J-STAGE
Basaltic lava field, the Svartshengi geothermal power plant (right), and the Blue Lagoon (left).| J-STAGE
Reykjavik is a smokeless city. Almost 100% of the electricity and the heating depends upon hydropower and geothermal energy.| J-STAGE
Palagonite ridge formed by subglacial eruption. Langjokull glacier in the background.| J-STAGE
Normal fault at Thingvellir. The boundary between the North American plate on the left-hand side and the Eurasian to the right.| J-STAGE

Latest Issue

Journal of Geography (Chigaku Zasshi), 2016 Vol.125 No.1

2016 Vol.125 No.1

Slope Processes and Periglacial Landscape around a Crater Wall Close to the South Polar Cap on Mars （HiRISE image ESP_038903_1115, Taken on November 13, 2014）

A series of slope features, comprising valley-head alcoves, gullies, and debris cones, develop across layered sedimentary rocks and extend into polygonal patterned ground terrain at the crater floor （right margin).
The top surface of the crater （left margin） also displays polygonal patterned ground terrain indicative of the ice-rich mantle that prevails at high latitudes. These landscapes imply that ice-melt erosion originates at the alcoves, and that the resulting wet debris flow enhances gulley erosion and finally deposits on a debris cone at the foot of the slope. The light-colored debris cone is covered with seasonal CO2 ice. Gulick （2014） introduces this image on the HiRISE web site. The distance across the image is equivalent to about 5 km.

（Image credit: NASA/JPL/University of Arizona; Explanation: Norikazu MATSUOKA）

Special Issue: Martian Surface Processes

Overview of the Special Issue “Martian Surface Processes”

Norikazu MATSUOKA, Miwa YOKOKAWA, Hajime NARUSE and Tomohiro SEKIGUCHI

Journal of Geography (Chigaku Zasshi), 2016, 125(1), 1.

DOI:10.5026/jgeography.125.1

Introduction to the Special Issue “Martian Surface Processes”

Norikazu MATSUOKA, Miwa YOKOKAWA, Hajime NARUSE and Tomohiro SEKIGUCHI

Journal of Geography (Chigaku Zasshi), 2016, 125(1), 7.

DOI:10.5026/jgeography.125.7

I．Exogenic and endogenic processes

Fluidized Ejecta Morphologies and Degradation Processes of Martian Impact Craters （Review Article）

Ayako I. SUZUKI and Kei KURITA

Journal of Geography (Chigaku Zasshi), 2016, 125(1), 13.

DOI:10.5026/jgeography.125.13

Cones on Mars with Special Reference to Volcanic Cone Morphology （Review Article）

Rina NOGUCHI and Kei KURITA

Journal of Geography (Chigaku Zasshi), 2016, 125(1), 35.

DOI:10.5026/jgeography.125.35

II．Ice-related processes

Premelting Water and Its Role on Mars （Review Article）

Tomotaka SARUYA

Journal of Geography (Chigaku Zasshi), 2016, 125(1), 49.

DOI:10.5026/jgeography.125.49

Permafrost and Periglacial Processes on the Martian Surface（Review Article）

Norikazu MATSUOKA

Journal of Geography (Chigaku Zasshi), 2016, 125(1), 63.

DOI:10.5026/jgeography.125.63

Cyclic Steps on Ice: Spiral Troughs on Mars' North Polar Ice Cap and Analogue Experiments （Review Article）

Miwa YOKOKAWA

Journal of Geography (Chigaku Zasshi), 2016, 125(1), 91.

DOI:10.5026/jgeography.125.91

Morphodynamics on the Ice Floor （Original Article）

Norihiro IZUMI

Journal of Geography (Chigaku Zasshi), 2016, 125(1), 105.

DOI:10.5026/jgeography.125.105

III．Water-related processes

Geomorphological Indication of Ancient, Recent, and Possibly Present-day Aqueous Activity on Mars （Review Article）

James M. DOHM and Hideaki MIYAMOTO

Journal of Geography (Chigaku Zasshi), 2016, 125(1), 121.

DOI:10.5026/jgeography.125.121

Rock Weathering Processes and Products on Martian Surface （Review Article）

Masato SATO, Tsuyoshi HATTANJI and Norikazu MATSUOKA

Journal of Geography (Chigaku Zasshi), 2016, 125(1), 133.

DOI:10.5026/jgeography.125.133

Gullies on Mars: A Review （Review Article）

Thomas PARKNER

Journal of Geography (Chigaku Zasshi), 2016, 125(1), 155.

DOI:10.5026/jgeography.125.155

Origins of Lobate Landforms on Mars: Preliminary Examination from an Inverse Analysis of Debris-flow Deposits （Original Article）

Hajime NARUSE

Journal of Geography (Chigaku Zasshi), 2016, 125(1), 163.

DOI:10.5026/jgeography.125.163

Geomorphological View of the Environmental History of Mars and Candidate Habitable Environments （Original Article）

Hideaki MIYAMOTO, Goro KOMATSU, James DOHM, Ryodo HEMMI, Tomohiro USUI and Akihiko YAMAGISHI

Journal of Geography (Chigaku Zasshi), 2016, 125(1), 171.

DOI:10.5026/jgeography.125.171

Pictorials

1： Analogue Experiments Using Aeolian Sand Dunes Reveal the Martian Wind Regime

Keisuke TANIGUCHI

Journal of Geography (Chigaku Zasshi), 2016, 125(1), i.

DOI:10.5026/jgeography.125.i

Spiral Troughs Formed on the Polar Ice Caps of Mars

Miwa YOKOKAWA, Isaac B. SMITH and John W. HOLT

Journal of Geography (Chigaku Zasshi), 2016, 125(1), ii.

DOI:10.5026/jgeography.125.ii

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