Lakagigar fissure eruption. The 1783-84 Laka- gigar eruption resulted in a great famine, due to which Iceland lost 20% of its population.| J-STAGE
Valley of Eldgja. The 934-40 Eldgja eruption occurred along a 75 km-long fissure.| J-STAGE
Basaltic lava field, the Svartshengi geothermal power plant (right), and the Blue Lagoon (left).| J-STAGE
Earth hummock. Earth hummocks are among the periglacial phenomena. The knoll covered with vegetation is |about 0.5 m high.| J-STAGE
The braided course of the Jokulfell downstream from Hofsjokull.| J-STAGE
Dettifoss waterfall. The waterfall is 44 m high. The river water is rich in suspended sediments and the waterfall volume is the greatest in Iceland.| J-STAGE
Normal fault at Thingvellir. The boundary between the North American plate on the left-hand side and the Eurasian to the right.| J-STAGE
Reykjavik is a smokeless city. Almost 100% of the electricity and the heating depends upon hydropower and geothermal energy.| J-STAGE
Geyser Strokkur. The geyser erupts at 5-10 minute intervals.| J-STAGE
Gullfoss waterfall. The two-step cataract has a total drop of 32 m.| J-STAGE
Palagonite ridge formed by subglacial eruption. Langjokull glacier in the background.| J-STAGE
Jokulsarlon lagoon. The Breidamerkurjokull glacier has been retreating since about 1920. The lagoon formed at the glacial front shows a yearly increase.| J-STAGE

Latest Issue

Journal of Geography (Chigaku Zasshi), 2013 Vol.122 No.5

2013 Vol.122 No.5

Gullfoss (Iceland)

The glacial river Hvítá has eroded an impressive gorge into the edge of the highland where it descends from the Central highland onto the Southern lowlands along faults trending north-northeast. The Hvítá gorge is 2500 m long and its maximum depth is 70 m. The waterfall of Gullfoss is located at the head of the gorge. The Gullfoss is actually two separate waterfalls; the upper one has a drop of 11 m and the lower one 21 m. This photo covers Havítá gorge and the lower waterfall. Although the total drop is only 32 m, it is magnificent to see the large amount of glacier milk flow down through a 110 m wide waterfall. You can imagine the scale compared with figures at the upper light corner.

Together with Thingvellir and the geysers of Haukadalur, Gullfoss forms the Golden Circle, a popular day tour for tourists from Reykjavík.

(Photograph & Explanation: Motomaro SHIRAO)

Review Article

Historical Review and Current Perspective of Stromatolite Studies

Atsushi YAMAMOTO and Yukio ISOZAKI

Journal of Geography (Chigaku Zasshi), 2013, 122(5), 791.

DOI:10.5026/jgeography.122.791

Original Articles

Progressive Failure of Rock due to Infiltration of Compressible Non-wetting Phase Fluid: Implications for Rapid Deterioration of Sealing Capacity of Cap Rock under Critically Stressed Condition

Hiroki GOTO, Tomochika TOKUNAGA, Hajime YAMAMOTO, Toyokazu OGAWA and Tomoyuki AOKI

Journal of Geography (Chigaku Zasshi), 2013, 122(5), 807.

DOI:10.5026/jgeography.122.807

Observational Study of Long-term Springwater Temperature Changes in Tokyo in Relation to Changes in Land-use

Hiroshi MIYANO, Takeki IZUMI, Daichi NAKAYAMA and Hiroshi MATSUYAMA

Journal of Geography (Chigaku Zasshi), 2013, 122(5), 822.

DOI:10.5026/jgeography.122.822

Age and Sedimentary Environment of Newly Discovered Middle Pleistocene Marine Deposits beneath the Northern Coast Region of Ariake Bay, Kyushu, Japan

Keitaro YAMADA, Takenori HINO, Shoichi SHIMOYAMA, Keiji TAKEMURA, Tohru DANHARA and Hideki IWANO

Journal of Geography (Chigaku Zasshi), 2013, 122(5), 841.

DOI:10.5026/jgeography.122.841

Distribution of Surface Displacement Caused by the Iwate—Miyagi Nairiku Earthquakein 2008 as Measured with Photogrammetry

Izumi KAMIYA, Mamoru KOARAI, Tatsuo SEKIGUCHI, Hiroshi P. SATO, Takayuki NAKANO and Junko IWAHASHI

Journal of Geography (Chigaku Zasshi), 2013, 122(5), 854.

DOI:10.5026/jgeography.122.854

Estimation of Leaf Area Index of Cryptomeria japonica Using Various Methods: A Case Study of Aso District, Kumamoto Prefecture

Kouiti HASEGAWA, Hiroshi OMI, Yuta HIRUMA, Satoshi KUMAGAI, Ryosuke YAMAMOTO, Takeki IZUMI and Hiroshi MATSUYAMA

Journal of Geography (Chigaku Zasshi), 2013, 122(5), 875.

DOI:10.5026/jgeography.122.875

Preliminary Note on a New Shazam Stratigraphy Applied to a Borehole Database Analysis of Subsurface Geology in the Osaka Plain

Fujio MASUDA, Tomoyuki SATO, Yuka ITO and Minao SAKURAI

Journal of Geography (Chigaku Zasshi), 2013, 122(5), 892.

DOI:10.5026/jgeography.122.892

The 100s: Significant Exposures of the World (No. 10)

Silurian Tropical Marine Shelf to Basin Transition at Glacier Bay National Park and Preserve: The “exotic” Alexander Terrane of Alaska

David M. ROHR and Robert B. BLODGETT

Journal of Geography (Chigaku Zasshi), 2013, 122(5), 905.

DOI:10.5026/jgeography.122.905

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